過去完成時講與練張同冰一、語法概念表示過去某時之前已經發生的動作。(1)構成：haddone(2)常用時間狀語：1)by+過去時間點或句子；2)before+過去時間點或句子；3)when+句子。(3)用法：1)延續：開始于過去之前的動作或

過去完成時講與練

張同冰

一、語法概念

表示過去某時之前已經發生的動作。

(1) 構成：had done

(2) 常用時間狀語：

1) by + 過去時間點或句子；

2) before + 過去時間點或句子；

3) when + 句子。

(3) 用法：

1) 延續：開始于過去之前的動作或狀態持續到過去：

Kevin had been a newspaper reporter for two years before he became a businessman.

凱文在成為商人之前，曾經當過兩年報社記者。

I had waited for her for two hours in such a severe winter when she eventually turned up, which of course drove me mad.

我在這樣嚴寒的冬天里等了她兩個小時，所以當她終于出現的時候，我當然氣的要命。

2) 重復：在過去的一段時間內重復發生：

By the end of last month, she had written three papers.

到上個月底之前，她已寫了三篇論文。

By the end of June they had treated over 8.000 patients.

到六月底他們已經治療了8000患者。

3) 單一：過去之前已發生的短暫動作：

Millions of years ago, dinosaurs roamed the earth, but they had become extinct by the time humankind first appeared.

幾百萬年前，地球上遍地是恐龍，但是在人類出現之前，他們就已滅絕了。

I had just poured myself a cup of tea when the phone rang. When I came back from answering it，the cup was empty. Somebody had drunk the tea or thrown it away.

我剛剛給自己倒了杯茶，這時候電話鈴響了。而等我接完了電話回來，發現杯子已經是空的了，一定是有人把茶喝了或是倒掉了。

? 過去完成時的特殊用法：

(1) 過去完成時可表示“非真實”的過去。

We had intended to have a barbecue in the open air, but the weather was bad.

我們本打算在戶外燒烤，但是天氣太糟糕。(沒有燒烤成)

The terrorists had planned to hijack the airplane, but they were arrested by the agents.

恐怖分子本打算要劫機，但是他們被情報人員逮捕了。(企圖失敗)

(2) 現在完成時和過去完成時都可與最高級和序數詞連用。

This is the biggest crocodile that we have ever caught.

這是迄今為止我們抓住的最大的鱷魚。

We caught a massive crocodile in the Philippines. This was the biggest crocodile that we had ever caught. 我們在菲律賓抓到一只鱷魚，這是我們抓到的最大的鱷魚。

It is the first time that we have tried bungee jumping.

這是我們第一次蹦極。

We went to the carnival yesterday. It was the first time that we had tried bungee jumping.

我們昨天去了嘉年華，這是我們第一次嘗試蹦極。

過去完成時所表示的時間概念是“過去的過去”，即在過去某一時間或動作之前已經完成了的動作。過去完成時所表示的時間概念可以用下圖表示：

----|-------|-----|---->其構成是had +過去分詞構成。那時以前　 那時　現在　

1.去年他們讀完了十本英語小說。They had finished reading ten English story books last year . （誤）They finished reading ten English story books last year . （正）2. 到去年年底你在你們村建了多少房屋？How many houses did you build in your village by the end of last year ?（誤）How many houses had you built in your village by the end of last year ?（正）

上面兩個例句都用“了”這樣的字眼表示動作完成，然而在英語中一句用一般過去時，一句卻要用過去完成時。

一般過去時表示“現在”以前的任何時間發生的動作或情況。過去完成時則表示過去某一時間或過去另一動作以前發生的動作或情況。上面第一個例句表示在“去年（last year）”這個過去時間內完成的動作，因此用一般過去時；第二個例句表示“到去年年底（the end of last year）”這個過去時間“以前”完成的動作，因此用過去完成時。如能弄清這個時間關系就可正確使用過去完成時。例如：How many English films had you seen by the end of last term ?到上學期末你們看了多少部英語電影？The film had already begun when I got to the cinema . 當我到電影院時，電影已經開始了。

二、過去完成時表示的時間概念過去完成時還可以表示從過去某一時間開始，持續到過去另一時間的動作或狀態。例如：He had worked in the factory for five years before he moved here . 在他搬到這兒以前，他已經在那家工廠工作了五年。I saw Li Ping yesterday . We had not seen each other since I left Beijing . 我昨天看見李平了。自從我離開北京，我們就沒見過面。

三、用法注意

但需要注意下列三種情況不用過去完成時：1. 句中如有yesterday , last year , in 1986 , three days ago等表示過去時間的狀語，謂語動詞必須用一般過去時。例如：Peter didn”t play football yesterday . 彼得昨天沒有踢足球。2. 漢語中雖然有“了”、“曾”、“過”等字眼表示動作完成，但沒有說明動作是在過去某一時間以前完成的，譯成英語時要用一般過去時，不用過去完成時。例如：

He went to Beijing the day before yesterday . 前天他去了北京。

3. 敘述在過去連續發生的兩件以上的事，雖然在時間上有先后之別，但仍用一般過去時。例如：They decided to stay here , and so they built their houses and made their farms . 他們決定呆在這兒，所以他們建了房子，開墾了農場

【尋找“竅門”】

通過上面的句子，發現了什么規律？快來總結一下吧！

【例句】

① She had seen ten films by last Friday. 到上周五為止，她已經看了十部電影了。

② By the end of last October, she had collected 400 stamps. 到去年十月末，她已經收集了 400 枚郵票了。

③ By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I had already cooked dinner. 我父母昨天到家時，我已經做晚飯了。

④ Before Rebecca came to China in 2014, she had taught English in Korea for two years. 麗貝卡在 2014 年來中國之前，已經在韓國教了兩年英語了。

⑤ When we arrived at the cinema, the film had already begun. 當我們到電影院的時候，電影已經開始了。

【直擊中考】

23.【陜西】Some students in Shanghai ______ e-bags for several months.

A.have B.have had

C.had D.will have

【答案B】

跟蹤練習：

1. 單項選擇

1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.

A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone

2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?

A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done

3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。

A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt

4. She ______lived here for ______ years.

A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of

5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.

A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked

6. She said she __________ the principle already

A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen

7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war.

A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with

8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.

A. has completed university B. has completed the university

B. had completed an university D. had completed university

9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.

A. for B. in C. by D. at

10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.

A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano

C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano.

11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?

A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done

12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.

A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work

13. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.

A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed

14. Ben hates playing _____ violin, but he likes playing ____ football.

A. a…the B. the… the C. / …the D. the…/

15. By the time he was 4, he ______ a lot of German words.

A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns

16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom.

A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left

17.They _________ in Guangzhou since 2000.

A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living

18. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago.

A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived

19. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived.

A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned

20. Fergie_______ the project in one hour.

A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished

21. The man ________ his coat and went out.

A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on

22 My mother______ in that factory at the age of 18.

A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works

23. Dad ________ while he _______ TV.

A .fell asleep…watch B. was falling asleep…watched

C. fell asleep……was watching D. had fallen asleep…watched

2.用動詞的適當形式填空

1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.

2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).

3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).

4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen _______ (arrive).

5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.

6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.

7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.

8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.

9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall.

10.The Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house.

11.When I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave).

12..We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.

13. I waited until he _______________(finish) his homework.

14. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do)

15.She ____________(not go) to Qingdao because she ________________ (go) there before.

16. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet.

17. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.

18. I ______________(be) to Shanghai before.

19. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times.

20.She _____________(play) the guitar while her sister_______________(sing).

3．句型轉換

1．I had sold the ticket when she came.（改否定句）

___________________________________________________________________

2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否定句）

________________________________________________________________.

3.They began to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.（否定）

__________________________________________________________________

4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. （改一般疑問）

__________________________________________________________________

5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.（改一般疑問）

__________________________________________________________________

6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. （改一般疑問）

__________________________________________________________________

7..He had broken his arm when I saw him.（對劃線部分提問）

__________________________________________________________________

8.When he had read the note, he ate it. （對劃線部分提問）

__________________________________________________________________

9..Jack didn’t go to the cinema because he had seen the film. （對劃線部分提問）

__________________________________________________________________

10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child. （對劃線部分提問）

__________________________________________________________________.

11.She had written the book by the end of 1960. （對劃線部分提問）

__________________________________________________________________

12.We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. （用過去完成時連接兩句）

__________________________________________________________________

13.Jim’s father mended the car. It was broken. （用過去完成時連接兩句）

__________________________________________________________________

14.We had our tests. Then we had a long holiday.( 用過去完成時連接兩句)

After we ________________________, we _____________________________

15.He showed us a picture. Then he showed us around the house. 用過去完成時連接兩句)

Before he _______________________, he______________________________.

張老師 2021-01-25

如有疑問，歡迎咨詢！