科技改變生活 · 科技引領(lǐng)未來
科技改變生活 · 科技引領(lǐng)未來
1.體裁、題材豐富選文體裁、題材豐富，考查內(nèi)容覆蓋面廣，與當(dāng)代社會(huì)生活緊密相關(guān)。體裁有記敘文、議論文、應(yīng)用文和說明文，題材涉及人物故事、名人傳記、前沿科技、環(huán)境保護(hù)和歷史文化等話題。在閱讀時(shí)，考生既要能做到忠實(shí)于原文，也要能領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之
1.體裁、題材豐富
選文體裁、題材豐富，考查內(nèi)容覆蓋面廣，與當(dāng)代社會(huì)生活緊密相關(guān)。體裁有記敘文、議論文、應(yīng)用文和說明文，題材涉及人物故事、名人傳記、前沿科技、環(huán)境保護(hù)和歷史文化等話題。在閱讀時(shí)，考生既要能做到忠實(shí)于原文，也要能領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意，切記不要摻雜個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。
2.注重細(xì)節(jié)，變在其中
題目設(shè)置以細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題為主，兼顧詞義猜測題和主旨大意題。考生在今后的訓(xùn)練中要特別注重掌握不同題型的解題技巧。
3.選材新穎，時(shí)代性強(qiáng)
2017年6月浙江高考英語試題閱讀理解題材涉及美國繪畫之父Benjamin West、青少年的睡眠問題和意大利移民被要求參加語言測試。題目設(shè)置方面，信息定位具體，語言表達(dá)簡潔。試題難度適中，考查角度全面。
先題后文法，即先看問題和選項(xiàng)再看文章，待看完文章后再做題。其實(shí)這種方法還可以細(xì)分為兩種：一種是只看問題不看選項(xiàng)，即大致看看問題，然后帶著問題再看文章；另一種是將問題和所有選項(xiàng)看完，再看文章。應(yīng)用文一般使用這種方法。這種方法的特點(diǎn)是目的明確，在閱讀時(shí)有所側(cè)重，能節(jié)省時(shí)間。
原題呈現(xiàn)
(2017·全國卷Ⅰ·閱讀A)
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
◆Hungry?
Our exhibits will feed your mind，but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials.The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit.The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3.Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance.ID required.
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962，Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(熱情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology.Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry－based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
21.Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A.In Building 1.
B.In Building 3.
C.At the Laser Dome.
D.At the Denny Way entrance.
22.What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?
A.Train science teachers.
B.Distribute science books.
C.Inspire scientific research.
D.Take science to the classroom.
23.What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
A.To encourage donations.
B.To advertise coming events.
C.To introduce special exhibits.
D.To tell about the Center’s history.
答題流程
[流程模式]
第一步 快速瀏覽題干，找出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞
第二步 根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，鎖定原文的信息源
第三步 對比選項(xiàng)與原文信息，確定答案
[流程應(yīng)用]
21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。
Step 1：找關(guān)鍵詞
題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為：souvenir 和 Science Center
Step 2：定位原文
查讀原文，定位到原文第一段。
Step 3：確定答案
根據(jù)◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store中的關(guān)鍵詞souvenir及“The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.”可知，這個(gè)商店位于Building 3。故選____。
22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。
Step 1：找關(guān)鍵詞
題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為：Pacific Science Center 和schools
Step 2：定位原文
查讀原文，定位到原文第四段。
Step 3：確定答案
根據(jù)◆Support Pacific Science Center中的Today Pacific Science Center...brings inquiry－based science education to classrooms可知，太平洋科學(xué)中心把科學(xué)帶進(jìn)了教室。故選____。
23.推理判斷題。
Step 1：找關(guān)鍵詞
題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為：the last part
Step 2：定位原文
根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文最后一段。
Step 3：確定答案
根據(jù)最后一段的小標(biāo)題◆Support Pacific Science Center以及這一段的最后一句可知，最后一段的目的是讓人們給予太平洋科學(xué)中心更多的贊助和捐贈(zèng)。故選____。
自我驗(yàn)證
21.B 22.D 23.A
對于記敘文、議論文等文體，運(yùn)用“文→題→文”法更合適。具體解題步驟為：第一步，先快速閱讀全文獲得整體印象→第二步，逐個(gè)瀏覽閱讀題目和選項(xiàng)，確定信息源→第三步，認(rèn)真閱讀文章相關(guān)信息源，比對選項(xiàng)，確定答案。
原題呈現(xiàn)
(2016年10月·浙江高考·閱讀C)
Digital technology—email and smart phones especially—have vastly improved workers’ ability to be productive outside of a traditional office.Even so，most white－collar work still happens in an office. One reason is that，according to findings of a new survey(調(diào)查) of office workers conducted by Wakefield Research for the IT company Citrix，most bosses are doubtful about remote working. Half of the workers say their boss doesn’t accept it and only 35 percent say it’s tolerated.
Skeptical bosses will likely have their doubts reinforced(加深) by the same survey，which shows that 43 percent of workers say they’ve watched TV or a movie while “working” remotely，while 35 percent have done housework，and 28 percent have cooked dinner.
It is true，however，that working at home makes people much more efficient(高效的), because it allows workers to take care of annoying housework while still getting their jobs done. It’s much faster，for example，to shop for groceries at a quarter to three than to stand in line during the after－work rush.
The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted reflects how far we haven’t come as a society from the days when we expected every full－time worker to be supported by a full－time homemaker.
More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers may be missing a low－cost way to give workers something of value. Sixty－four percent of those survey participants who haven’t worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home. Under such circumstances，smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently.
28.Why do some employers hesitate to allow remote working?
A.They fear losing control of their workers.
B.They want to stick to their routine practice.
C.They have little trust in modern technology.
D.They are used to face－to－face communication.
29.What seems to be most workers’ attitude toward remote working?
A.Doubtful. B.Favorable.
C.Reserved. D.Disapproving.
30.What does the author suggest smart firms do?
A.Shorten their office hours.
B.Give employees a pay raise.
C.Adopt flexible work patterns.
D.Reduce their staff’s workload.
答題流程
[流程模式]
第一步 快速瀏覽，把握大意。
第二步 逐個(gè)瀏覽閱讀題目和選項(xiàng)，確定信息源。
第三步 根據(jù)信息源中的關(guān)鍵詞，剖析邏輯；確定答案。
[流程應(yīng)用]
第一步 把握大意
本文文章大意：本文是一篇議論文，對于遠(yuǎn)程辦公，大部分老板持懷疑態(tài)度，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為員工會(huì)在家做與工作無關(guān)的事情。大部分員工持支持態(tài)度，因?yàn)檫@樣可以兼顧工作與家務(wù)，提高自身效率，作者則認(rèn)為公司應(yīng)采取靈活的辦公模式。
第二步 鎖定信息源
第三步 確定答案
28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的most bosses are doubtful about remote working以及第二段可知，一些老板不愿意讓員工遠(yuǎn)程辦公是因?yàn)樗麄儗Υ耸鲁謶岩蓱B(tài)度，認(rèn)為員工會(huì)做一些與工作無關(guān)的事情，掌控不了員工。故選____。
29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Sixty－four percent of those survey participants who haven’t worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home.可知，調(diào)查顯示：從未遠(yuǎn)程辦公的被調(diào)查者中有64%的人為了能每周有一天在家辦公寧愿放棄一些獎(jiǎng)金，由此可以推斷出大部分人是支持在家辦公的。故選____。
30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently可知，作者建議公司采取靈活的辦公模式。故選______。
自我驗(yàn)證
28.A 29.B 30.C
課時(shí)規(guī)范訓(xùn)練(一)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2017·黑龍江大慶模擬)It is really a happy thing to look back on the days I spent with Jennie. We met in night school. After Jennie and I had completed the required courses, we started teaching in the same school. For a time we were just casual friends, but one day, when I was telling Jennie about my problem son, we discovered we were kindred(同類的) spirits."He's a difficult little character，" I explained.Jennie looked thoughtful."Maybe you're only seeing him with your eyes." She was silent for a moment and then added softly，"It is only with the heart that one can see rightly." I stared at her."You're quoting (引用) that! It's from The Little Prince, Antoine de Saint-Exupery's book for children, one of my favorites. You know it, too？"Jennie nodded."I love it.I've read it so often.I've practically memorized it."
Now, when I think of Jennie, I recall that book because Jennie—more than anyone I know—possessed the gift of seeing with the heart.
From that moment of a treasured book shared, our friendship grew steadily. It wasn't that I didn't have an excellent relationship with my husband and son, but my mother had died shortly after my marriage, and I had neither sisters nor daughters. I realize, now，how I needed someone to share those little, seemingly unimportant things that add so much to life—things that must be shared to be fully appreciated.
And it was Jennie who helped me with my fourth-grade problem child.One_day_I_was_at_my_wit's_end."What he needs is a good beating！" I shouted.
"He's probably had plenty of those，" Jennie said."Maybe he just needs sincere praise for anything he does right, and a hug or two each day." I followed this suggestion, and eventually, because of Jennie, I discovered a lovable little boy.
Looking back, I have to admit that she taught me so much. The days I spent with her have become one of my happiest memories.
1．What does the underlined part mean in the fourth paragraph?
A．I was unsure of how to deal with my son.
B．I decided to give up my job.
C．I faced financial difficulties.
D．I was very disappointed with myself.
2．How did the author and Jennie's friendship start to grow?
A．They both were interested in children's education.
B．They both liked a novel, The Little Prince.
C．They often chatted together about their hobbies.
D．They both studied in the same school.
3．We learn from the text that ________.
A．the author has the gift of seeing with the heart
B．the author had many sisters before meeting Jennie
C．the author had lost her mother before her marriage
D．the author seldom praised her son in the past
4．The text is mainly about ________.
A．how to control children properly
B．the fact that we should see nature differently
C．the influence of friendship in life
D．how friendship begins and disappears
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】 文章講述作者和珍妮因?yàn)椤缎⊥踝印愤@本書而成為朋友，從此珍妮對作者的生活有了很大的影響。
1．解析：選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)畫線句后面的內(nèi)容可知，畫線處是說作者不確定怎么處理兒子的問題。故選A項(xiàng)。
2．解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的From that moment of a treasured book shared，our friendship grew steadily.可知，作者和珍妮的友誼是源于她們都喜歡小說《小王子》。故選B項(xiàng)。
3．解析：選D。推理判斷題。從文章倒數(shù)第二段的Maybe he just needs sincere praise for anything he does right，and a hug or two each day.可推知，作者以前很少表揚(yáng)兒子。故選D項(xiàng)。
4．解析：選C。主旨大意題。從文章最后一段Looking back，I have to admit that she taught me so much.The days I spent with her have become one of my happiest memories.可知，這篇文章講的是友誼對生活的影響。
B
(2016·高考全國甲卷)Five years ago，when I taught art at a school in Seattle，I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student，and said："Make something out of the Tinkertoys.You have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week."
A few students hesitated to start.They waited to see what the rest of the class would do.Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something out of their own imaginations.
once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect (感染) other students.
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare，"But I'm just not creative."
"Do you dream at night when you're asleep？"
"Oh，sure."
"So tell me one of your most interesting dreams."The student would tell something wildly imaginative.Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads."That's pretty creative.Who does that for you？"
"Nobody.I do it."
"Really—at night，when you're asleep？"
"Sure."
"Try doing it in the daytime，in class，okay？"
5．The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to________.
A．know more about the students
B．make the lessons more exciting
C．raise the students' interest in art
D．teach the students about toy design
6．What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．He liked to help his teacher.
B．He preferred to study alone.
C．He was active in class.
D．He was imaginative.
7. What does the underlined word "downside" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Mistake. B．Drawback.
C．Difficulty. D．Burden.
8．Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?
A．To help them to see their creativity.
B．To find out about their sleeping habits.
C．To help them to improve their memory.
D．To find out about their ways of thinking.
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】 本文是一篇記敘文。作為一名教師，作者用一種玩具培養(yǎng)孩子們的創(chuàng)造性和動(dòng)手能力，其中一個(gè)孩子的創(chuàng)造性引起了作者的注意。
5．解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從題干的in order to判斷，本題詢問作者在課堂使用這種玩具的目的，第一段提到as a test ...to find out something about my students，由此可知作者的目的是更多地了解自己的學(xué)生，因此選A項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)"讓課程更激動(dòng)人心"，C項(xiàng)"提高學(xué)生們對藝術(shù)的興趣"，D項(xiàng)"教學(xué)生玩具設(shè)計(jì)"，均不是作者的目的。
6．解析：選D。推理判斷題。第三段作者描述這個(gè)學(xué)生，說他特別有創(chuàng)造性(was an exceptionally creative mind at work)，因此選D項(xiàng)。imaginative有想象力的。作者在該段說他的創(chuàng)造力能夠感染班上其他學(xué)生，這讓作者意外地有了一個(gè)教學(xué)幫手，沒有說他喜歡幫助老師(A項(xiàng)錯(cuò))，文章沒有提到他更喜歡獨(dú)自一個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)(B項(xiàng)錯(cuò))，也沒有提到他在課堂上非常活躍(C項(xiàng)錯(cuò))。
7．解析：選B。詞義猜測題。前文提到作者很喜愛這個(gè)學(xué)生，說這個(gè)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性能夠感染其他學(xué)生，下文說"冒著失去那些有不同的思考風(fēng)格的學(xué)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)"，根據(jù)語境前后的對比判斷，downside的含義應(yīng)該是drawback"不利條件，缺點(diǎn)"，而不是mistake"錯(cuò)誤"，difficulty"困難"，burden"負(fù)擔(dān)"。
8．解析：選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息可知本題考查的是文章后半部分對話的信息。作者鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生講述他們最有趣的夢，然后鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生說，"白天在課堂上也試一試做夢，好嗎？"由此推斷，作者讓學(xué)生講述他們的夢，是為了幫助學(xué)生看到自己的創(chuàng)造性，因此選A項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)"為了弄清楚他們的睡眠習(xí)慣"，C項(xiàng)"為了幫助他們提高記憶力"，D項(xiàng)"為了弄清楚他們的思維方式"，均不是作者的目的。
C
(2017·北京東城聯(lián)考)I really love my job because I enjoy working with small children and like the challenges and awards from the job. I also think my work is important. There was a time when I thought I would never have that sort of career (職業(yè))．
I wasn't an excellent student because I didn't do much schoolwork. In my final term I started thinking what I might do and found I didn't have much to offer. I just accepted that I wasn't the type to have a career.
I then found myself a job, looking after two little girls.It wasn't too bad at first. But the problems began when I agreed to live in, so that I would be there if my boss had to go out for business in the evening. We agreed that if I had to work extra hours one week，she'd give me time off the next. But unfortunately, it didn't often work out.I was getting extremely tired and fed up, because I had too many late nights and early mornings with the children.
One Sunday, I was in the park with the children, and met Megan who used to go to school with me. I told her about my situation. She suggested that I should do a course and get a qualification (資格證書) if I wanted to work with children. I didn't think I would be accepted because I didn't take many exams in school. She persuaded me to phone the local college and they were really helpful. My experience counted for a lot and I got on a part-time course.I had to leave my job with the family，and got work helping out at a kindergarten.
Now I've got a full-time job there. I shall always be thankful to Megan. I wish I had known earlier that you could have a career，even if you aren't top of the class at school.
9．What is the author's present job?
A．Working part-time in a college.
B．Taking care of children for a family.
C．Helping children with their schoolwork.
D．Looking after children at a kindergarten.
10．When staying with the two girls' family, the author ________.
A．was paid for extra work
B．often worked long hours
C．got much help from her boss
D．took a day off every other week
11．Why did the author leave her first job?
A．She found a full-time job.
B．She was fed up with children.
C．She decided to attend a part-time course.
D．She needed a rest after working extra hours.
12．What has the author learned from her own experiences?
A．Less successful students can still have a career.
B．Qualifications are necessary for a career.
C．Hard work makes an excellent student.
D．One must choose the job she likes.
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】 作者上學(xué)時(shí)成績并不好，從事的第一份工作是照看小孩，后來經(jīng)過朋友的介紹，作者參加課程學(xué)習(xí)，拿到了照顧小孩的資格證書，從而得到了一份全職工作。
9．解析：選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句I had to leave my job with the family，and got work helping out at a kindergarten.以及最后一段第一句Now I've got a full-time job there.可知，作者目前是在幼兒園工作。故選D項(xiàng)。
10．解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的．..because I had too many late nights and early mornings with the children.可知，作者每天工作時(shí)間都很長。故選B項(xiàng)。
11．解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的．..I got on a part-time course.I had to leave my job with the family...可知，作者參加了一項(xiàng)業(yè)余的課程，所以必須要辭去照看小孩的工作。故選C項(xiàng)。
12．解析：選A。推理判斷題。本文主要談?wù)摿俗髡邔W(xué)生時(shí)代學(xué)習(xí)不努力，成績不好，但畢業(yè)后通過自己的努力和學(xué)習(xí)也找到了一份不錯(cuò)的全職工作。由作者的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷可知，即使學(xué)生時(shí)代不是很優(yōu)秀，但通過努力仍然可以取得成功。故選A項(xiàng)。
D
(2017·甘肅蘭州高三診斷)Your kids learn a lot from their friends—things you can't teach them, no matter how much you want to.
Probably the most important thing kids learn is how to have peer relationships. As a parent, you can't do this, because you and your child aren't equals.
For example, when you're sitting on your family room floor and your very young child asks you to pass him the blocks, you probably hand them right over. If your child is sitting with a peer and asks the same thing, though, he might not get what he wants.
To succeed, your child will need to learn strategies for getting what he wants. For example, he might simply yank (猛拉) the toy out of his friend's hand. If he does that, he may learn that it's not the best way of getting what he wants because it leads to fighting and time-outs. The successful child will learn that he needs to negotiate a trade, to wait patiently, or to find something else equally fun to play with.
Friends also provide emotional support, something that is part of the foundation of healthy adulthood. You can't be with your child on the elementary school playground or at the high school dance. Your child's friends will be the ones to stick_up_for her, to include her in games, and later, to tell her she looks great even if her lousy prom (糟糕的舞會(huì)) date wanders off instead of dancing with her.
Friends also help your children learn. Friends solve problems together, imitate each other, and pass on knowledge.
Some experts believe that the single biggest predictor of your child's success later in life is her ability to make friends. In fact, they claim it's even more important than IQ and grades.
This doesn't mean that the kids who are most popular in school do the best later on in life. What matters is not the number of friends a child has but rather the quality of the relationships.
This is good news for those of us who hate to think that popularity really is the Holy Grail of childhood and adolescence. While it's true that popularity has many advantages, and that many popular kids really are nice people—and not just the best dressed or best looking—it's better to have a few good friends than to have the admiration of the masses.
13．By giving the example in Paragraph 3, the author wants to show that ________.
A．kids can learn how to deal with the relationships when they stay with their peers
B．parents should spend more spare time playing with their kids
C．kids should learn how to be polite when they ask their parents for help
D．parents can teach their kids how to be good members in the modern society in their daily life
14．What does the underlined phrase "stick up for" in the fifth paragraph mean?
A．Envy. B．Oppose.
C．Support. D．Ignore.
15．In the author's opinion，________ is more important than being popular for kids.
A．getting high grades
B．having some real friends
C．developing a good habit
D．knowing how to dress themselves up
16．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．How to Bridge the Generation Gap
B．What It Takes to Be a Good Friend
C．Why Friends Are important
D．How to Be Popular in School
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】 本文是一篇議論文。孩子們會(huì)從和朋友的相處中學(xué)到許多大人怎么想教都教不會(huì)的事，所以真正的好朋友對一個(gè)人的成長至關(guān)重要。
13．解析：選A。推理判斷題。一般而言，在議論文中，舉例都是為了證明作者的觀點(diǎn)。由此可知，第三段所舉例子是為了證明第二段作者的觀點(diǎn)，即"Probably the most important thing kids learn is how to have peer relationships."。故選A。
14．解析：選C。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本段第一句中的"Friends also provide emotional support"可知，此處將家長與同齡朋友進(jìn)行比較是為了說明同齡朋友會(huì)給孩子們以情感上的支持。由此可知，畫線詞意為"支持"。故選C。
15．解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后三段可知，朋友的質(zhì)量比朋友的數(shù)量、智商、分?jǐn)?shù)和外表都重要。故選B。
16．解析：選C。標(biāo)題歸納題。文章的中心段是第一段，由此結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要說明了同齡朋友對孩子成長的重要性。故選C。
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