科技改變生活 · 科技引領(lǐng)未來
科技改變生活 · 科技引領(lǐng)未來
英語句子按照使用目的和交際功能分為陳述句，疑問句，祈使句，感嘆句。
一、陳述句
用來表述一件事或表達(dá)一種看法，有肯定式和否定式，常用降調(diào)。
1.陳述句的肯定式主要由主語和動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語兩部分構(gòu)成，如：He finished his homework.
2.陳述句的否定式的構(gòu)成是在肯定式的基礎(chǔ)上在其系動(dòng)詞be(am, is, are, was, were)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can, must, may, should…），助動(dòng)詞（do, does, did, have, has, will, would）的后面直接加not構(gòu)成。如：He didn&39;t finish his homework./She isn&39;t a teacher.
二、疑問句
用來提問的句子，句末用問號(hào)。疑問句考查內(nèi)容有一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句。
1.一般疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：Be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語+動(dòng)詞+其他？句子要用聲調(diào)。如：Is your father a teacher? Do you enjoy listening to music? Can you speak English?
2.特殊疑問句多數(shù)以who, when, where, what, why, which, whose, how這類特殊疑問詞開頭。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句，即特殊疑問詞+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語+動(dòng)詞+其他？如：What is your father? When will the meeting start?
3.選擇疑問句是用來提出兩種或者兩種以上的選擇（用or連接），要求對(duì)方選擇一種情況回答的問句。語調(diào)一般是前面的選擇用升調(diào)，最后一種選擇用降調(diào)。選擇疑問句分為一般選擇疑問句和特殊選擇疑問句兩種。
（1）一般選擇疑問句的構(gòu)成：一般疑問句+or+選擇部分？如：Do you like red or yellow?
（2）特殊選擇疑問句的構(gòu)成：特殊疑問句，A or B ? 如：Which colour do you like, red or yellow?
4.反意疑問句是一種常用于口語的疑問句，這種問句由兩部分組成，前一部分是陳述句，后一部分是附加的簡(jiǎn)短問句，中間用逗號(hào)隔開，因此反意疑問句又稱附加疑問句。
反意疑問句的特點(diǎn)：如果陳述句是肯定句式，附加句式用否定句式；如果陳述句是否定形式，附加問句用肯定句式。如：They didn&39;t clean the classroom yesterday, did they? 如果陳述句中有no, never, nothing, seldom, hardly, few, little等否定意義的詞時(shí)，陳述句就可以看成是否定句，附加句式就用肯定形式。如：He has few friends, does he?
幾種特殊形式的反意疑問句：（1）Let&39;s go to school, shall we? （2）Let us go to school, will you? （3）祈使句（肯定形式和否定形式），will you? 如：Open the door, will you?/Don&39;t open the door, will you?
三、祈使句
表示命令，請(qǐng)求，建議或勸告等。祈使句的主語是第二人稱you,常常省略，謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。沒有時(shí)態(tài)變化，不能與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。有肯定式和否定式兩種形式。如：Be quiet. Stand up, please. Don&39;t shout.
四、感嘆句
用來表達(dá)說話人強(qiáng)烈的喜怒哀樂等情緒，用how或what引導(dǎo)。how和what所修飾的詞放在其后，其他部分用陳述語序。在口語中主語和謂語常省略，句末使用感嘆號(hào)。
1.What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，句式基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+（主語+謂語）！如：What a nice watch (it is)!
What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+（主語+謂語）！如:What beautiful flowers(they are)! /What important news (it is)!
2.How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，句式基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語！如：How tall the girl is!/ How hard he works!
五、練習(xí)
（一）根據(jù)句意和要求，變換句式。
1.She has finished her homework. (否定句)
2.Did they have a good time in Beijing last week?（陳述句）
3.He gets up at six o&39;clock every morning. （劃線提問）
4.Let&39;s have a break, _______?（反意疑問句）
5.What beautiful flowers they are!（同義句）
6.Close your books, please.（否定句）
7.There is little water in the cup, _______? （反意疑問句）
8.She moved to Shanghai two years ago.（劃線提問）
9.How tall the building is!（同義句）
10. Don&39;t talk in class, _______?（反意疑問句）
（二）句子翻譯。
1.我喜歡看小說。
2.大年初一你們不準(zhǔn)大清掃。
3.昨天早上你為什么上學(xué)遲到？
4.你每天走路還是騎自行車上學(xué)？
5.多么好的天氣啊！
6.圖書館內(nèi)禁止喧嘩。
7.你喜歡哪一種水果，香蕉還是葡萄？
8.他們每天都踢足球，對(duì)嗎？
9.將來書會(huì)被因特網(wǎng)取代嗎？
10.我買這塊手表已經(jīng)三個(gè)月了。
*練習(xí)參考答案
（一）1.She hasn&39;t finished her homework.
2.They had a good time in Beijing last week.
3.When does he get up every morning?
4. shall we
5.How beautiful the flowers are!
6. Don&39;t close your books, please.
7.is there
8.When did she move to Shanghai?
9.What a tall building it is!
10. will you
（二）1.I like reading novels.
2.You mustn&39;t do any cleaning on the first day of the Spring Festival.
3.Why were you late for school yesterday morning?
4.Do you walk or ride a bike to school?
5.What fine weather it is!/ How fine the weather is!
6.Don&39;t shout in the library!
7.Which fruit do you like, bananas or grapes?
8.They play football every day, don&39;t they?
9.Will books be replaced by the Internet in the future?
10. I have had the watch for three months.
張夕林